The Water Assistance Gap

While LIHEAP provides federal funding for energy assistance, there is currently no equivalent federal program specifically for water and sewer bill assistance. This means water assistance programs vary significantly by state and locality — some areas have robust programs while others have very limited options.

Advocacy organizations have pushed for a federal Low Income Water Assistance Program (LIHWAP), and some pilot funding has been provided in recent years. Check with your state for current availability.

LIHWAP — Federal Water Assistance

The Low Income Household Water Assistance Program (LIHWAP) was funded through federal COVID relief legislation and provided water bill assistance in many states. Some states continue to operate water assistance programs using state funds or remaining federal dollars.

Contact your state's health and human services agency or community action agency to ask whether a water assistance program is currently available in your state.

Water Utility Assistance Programs

Many water utilities offer their own assistance programs for low-income customers. These may include:

• Low-income rate discounts — reduced rates for qualifying customers
• Lifeline rates — a minimum amount of water provided at a reduced rate
• Payment plans — extended arrangements for past-due balances
• Arrearage forgiveness — programs that forgive past-due balances for customers who maintain current payments
• Shutoff protection — restrictions on disconnection for low-income or vulnerable customers

State and Local Programs

Some states and localities have created their own water assistance programs. California, for example, has operated a statewide water assistance program. Other states have funded water assistance through their community services block grant programs.

To find programs in your area:

- Contact your local water utility and ask about assistance programs - Dial 2-1-1 for local referrals - Contact your local community action agency - Check your state's health and human services website

If You're Facing Water Shutoff

If you have received a shutoff notice for your water service:

• Contact your water utility immediately — ask about payment plans and assistance programs
• Dial 2-1-1 for emergency assistance referrals
• Contact your local community action agency — they may have emergency funds
• Know your rights — many states have rules protecting customers from shutoff, especially households with children, elderly members, or people with medical conditions
• Ask about medical necessity protections if a household member has a condition requiring water access

Reducing Your Water Bill

Steps to reduce water costs while seeking assistance:

- Fix leaks promptly — a dripping faucet can waste thousands of gallons per year - Install low-flow fixtures (some utilities provide these free) - Run dishwashers and washing machines only when full - Ask your utility about free water efficiency programs - Check whether your utility offers a budget billing option