What Is SNAP?

SNAP is a federal nutrition assistance program administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and delivered through state agencies. The program provides monthly benefits loaded onto an Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) card — similar to a debit card — that can be used to purchase eligible food items at authorized retailers.

SNAP is an entitlement program, meaning everyone who meets the eligibility requirements is entitled to benefits — there are no waiting lists.

What You Can Buy with SNAP

SNAP benefits can be used to purchase most food items, including:

• Fruits and vegetables
• Meat, poultry, and fish
• Dairy products
• Bread and cereals
• Snack foods and non-alcoholic beverages
• Seeds and plants that produce food

What SNAP Does Not Cover

SNAP benefits cannot be used to purchase:

• Alcoholic beverages or tobacco
• Vitamins, medicines, or supplements
• Non-food household items (soap, paper products, pet food)
• Hot prepared foods (in most cases)
• Restaurant meals (with some exceptions for elderly and disabled recipients)

Who Qualifies for SNAP

SNAP eligibility is based on income, household size, and other factors. The main tests are:

**Gross income test:** Household income must be at or below 130% of the federal poverty level (FPL). For a family of four, that is approximately $3,250/month in 2025.

**Net income test:** After deductions (for housing costs, childcare, medical expenses, etc.), net income must be at or below 100% FPL.

**Asset test:** Most households must have assets below $2,750 (or $4,250 if a household member is elderly or disabled). Many states have eliminated or raised asset limits.

Some households — including those receiving SSI, TANF, or certain other benefits — may be categorically eligible for SNAP without separate income testing.

How Much Can You Receive?

SNAP benefit amounts are based on household size and net income. The maximum monthly benefit for a household of one is approximately $292; for a family of four, approximately $975 (2025 figures, adjusted annually).

Your actual benefit is calculated as the maximum benefit for your household size minus 30% of your net income. Households with very low or no income receive the maximum benefit.

Using Your EBT Card

SNAP benefits are loaded onto your EBT card on a set date each month. You can use the card at any SNAP-authorized retailer — most grocery stores, many farmers' markets, and some online retailers accept EBT.

Your EBT card works like a debit card at checkout. You enter your PIN and the benefit amount is deducted from your balance. Unused benefits roll over to the next month.